A Comparative Review of Global Transportation Energy Outlook

نویسندگان

Kohanhoosh Nejad, Roholah Faculty of Economics, University of Imam Sadiq

Manzoor, Davood Faculty of Economics, University of Imam Sadiq

چکیده مقاله:

In 2010, the global transport sector consumed about 2,200 million tons of oil equivalent. About 96% of this amount came from oil. It shows that more than 60% of the oil consumed globally goes to the transportation sector. Road transport accounts for the bulk of the transportation energy consumption. The light-duty vehicles (LDVs), including light trucks, light commercial vehicles, and minibuses accounted for about 52%. World Energy Council (WEC) has re-examined the future of the transport sector by building Global Transport Scenarios to 2050 “Freeway” and “Tollway.” The “Freeway” scenario envisages a world where pure market forces prevail to create a climate for open global competition. The “Tollway” scenario describes a more regulated world where governments decide to intervene in markets to promote technology solutions and infrastructure development that put common interests at the forefront. In 2050, total fuel demand in all transport modes will increase by 30% (Tollway) to 82% (Freeway) above the 2010 levels. Transport sector fuel mix will still depend heavily on gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and jet fuel.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

World Energy Outlook : a Comparative Study

Differen world energy outlook with different horizons (2035, 2040 and 2050) show that demand for primary energy will increase. The energymix in 2050 will mainly be fossil based although the share of theses fuels will decrease. Accorging to some forecasts, energy consumption will increase more than 50 percent during next 30 years which most of this growth belongs to non-OECD countries. In supply...

متن کامل

Book Review: Intermodal Transportation: Moving Freight in a Global Economy

The Transportation Research Forum, founded in 1958, is an independent, nonprofit organization of transportation professionals who conduct, use, and benefit from research. Its purpose is to provide an impartial meeting ground for carriers, shippers, government officials, consultants, university researchers, suppliers, and others seeking exchange of information and ideas related to both passenger...

متن کامل

Annual Energy Outlook 1998

متن کامل

transference of imagery: a comparative formalistic study of shakespeares hamlet and its two persian translations

هدف از این تحقیق بررسی انتقال صور خیال هملت در دو ترجمه ی فارسی آن از نظر فرمالیستی بود. برای بدست آوردن داده-های مورد نیاز، 130 نمونه استعاره، مجاز، ایهام، کنایه و پارادوکس در متن اصلی مشخص شده و سپس بر اساس مدل نیومارک (1998) برای ترجمه ی استعاره یا بطور کلی زبان مجاز با معادل های فارسی شان مقایسه گردیدند. این تحقیق بر آن بود تا روش های استفاده شده برای ترجمه هر کدام از انواع زبان مجاز ذکر شد...

15 صفحه اول

Global Outlook for Ice And

Floating freshwater ice is a key component of cold-regions river and lake systems. Ice creates and controls unique aquatic habitats and related biological productivity and diversity. It also poses major challenges (for example, flood threats) and opportunities (for example, transportation) for communities. Changes in freshwater-ice cover have largely mirrored trends in air temperature, with lar...

متن کامل